黔西北大方地区龙潭组海陆过渡相烃源岩特征及评价          下载免费PDF全文

兰叶芳  任传建  潘仕辉  任戍明 《岩石矿物学杂志》2023,42(6):852-867

黔西北大方地区龙潭组以泥页岩、煤层与砂岩交替互层发育为特点,具有典型的海陆过渡相特征。文章在剖面实测和样品采集的基础上,结合全岩和黏土矿物XRD分析、总有机碳(TOC)含量测定、岩石热解、干酪根显微组分及镜质体反射率(R_O)等分析,对研究区龙潭组烃源岩发育特征进行了研究和评价。结果表明: ① 龙潭组矿物以黏土矿物为主,具有较强的吸附能力,但黏土矿物含量与石英含量呈明显的负相关关系(R>0.8),尤其是泥页岩中70%以上的黏土含量以及较低的脆性指数增加了压裂开发的难度。 ② 龙潭组有机质丰度受岩性变化控制明显。煤层具有最高的TOC含量(平均值42.9%)和生烃潜量(平均值为2.68 mg/g),显示强大的煤层气生烃潜力;泥页岩生烃潜量均小于2 mg/g,但约有80%样品的TOC含量超过2%,页岩气资源潜力不及煤层气;粉砂岩生烃潜力最差,生烃潜量平均值为0.13 mg/g,TOC含量为1.4%~5.6%,显示一定的致密气潜力。 ③ 龙潭组有机显微组以壳质组和镜质组占主导,干酪根以Ⅲ型为主,Ⅱ₂型为辅,热演化程度高,处于高-过成熟的生干气阶段。 ④ 煤层更为发育的龙潭组中段是大方地区煤层气、页岩气和致密砂岩气联合勘探的有利层段。  相似文献   

贵州黑色岩系金-铂族元素地球化学特征及成因分析          下载免费PDF全文

鲜绍军  罗俊峰  张庆华  刘玲  蒲庆隆 《地质找矿论丛》2023,38(1):21-28

为探讨贵州下寒武统黑色岩系中铂族元素物质来源及钼-镍、钒多金属形成的沉积环境与成矿作用,在钼-镍、钒多金属层及其顶底页岩、底部硅质岩中采集样品测试分析。通过对样品中金、铂族元素含量(质量分数)及其地球化学特征值研究,结果表明：黑色岩系中金及铂族元素含量显示协同变化特征;Pd富集,Ru、Ir亏损明显,Pt、Rh、Os基本持平或略有变化;样品的原始地幔标准值标准化模式配分曲线从Os、Ru、Rh、Ir、Pt到Pd大致呈“W”型,配分曲线略呈左倾,总体上呈现w(Pd)>w(Pt)>w(Os)>w(Rh)>w(Ru)>w(Ir)的变化关系;黑色岩系铂族元素来源与正常海水及海底热水喷流作用关系密切,地外来源可能性极小;黑色岩系钼-镍、钒多金属层中铂族元素的富集存在单独成矿作用或成矿作用的叠加,而且在钒多金属层内局部存在分层或条带分异。  相似文献   

Surface water and aerosol spatiotemporal dynamics and influence mechanisms over drylands     

《地学前缘(英文版)》2023,14(2):101524

Under the background of global warming and excessive human activities, much surface water in drylands is experiencing rapid degradation or shrinkage in recent years. The shrinkage of surface water, especially the degradation of lakes and their adjacent wetlands in drylands, may lead to the emergence of new salt dust storm hotspots, which causes greater danger. In this paper, based on high spatial resolution global surface water (GSW) and multiangle implementation of atmospheric correction (MAIAC) AOD data, we systematically analyze the dynamic characteristics of surface water and aerosols in typical drylands (Central Asia, CA) between 2000 and 2018. Simultaneously, combined with auxiliary environment variables, we explore the driving mechanisms of surface water on the regional salt/sand aerosols on different spatial scales. The results show that the seasonal surface water features an increasing trend, especially a more dramatic increase after 2015, and the permanent surface water indicates an overall decrease, with nearly 54.367 % at risk of receding and drying up. In typical lakes (Aral Sea and Ebinur Lake), the interannual change feature of the surface water area (WA) is that a continuous decrease during the study period occurs in Aral Sea area, yet a significant improvement has occurred in Ebinur Lake after 2015, and the degradation of Ebinur Lake takes place later and its recovery earlier than Aral Sea. The aerosol optical depth (AOD) in CA shows obvious seasonal variation, with the largest in spring (0.192 ± 0173), next in summer (0.169 ± 0.106), and the smallest in autumn (0.123 ± 0.065). The interannual variation of AOD exhibits an increase from 2000 to 2018 in CA, with high AOD areas mainly concentrated in the Taklamakan Desert and some lake beds resulting from lake degradation, including Aral Sea and Ebinur Lake. The AOD holds a similar trend between Aral Sea and Ebinur Lake on an interannual scale. And the AOD over Ebinur Lake is lower than that over Aral Sea in magnitude and lags behind in reaching the peak compared with Aral Sea. The WA change can significantly affect aerosol variation directly or indirectly on the aerosol load or mode size, but there are obvious differences in the driving mechanisms, acting paths, and influence magnitude of WA on aerosols on different spatial scales. In addition, the increase of WA can significantly directly suppress the increase of Ångström exponent (AE), and the effects of WA on AOD are realized majorly by an indirect approach. From the typical lake perspective, the effects of WA on aerosol in Aral Sea are achieved via an indirect path; and the decrease of WA can indirectly promote the AOD rise, and directly stimulate the AE growth in Ebinur Lake.  相似文献   

基于遥感技术的近30年中亚地区主要湖泊变化   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

成晨  傅文学  胡召玲  李新武 《国土资源遥感》2015,(1):146-152

在全球气候变暖的背景下,研究中亚干旱半干旱地区主要湖泊的变化不仅对内陆水资源管理和可持续发展有着重要意义,也为进一步研究湖泊变化对气候变化和人类活动的响应提供基础。获取1978年MSS、1989年TM、1998年TM及2010年ETM的同季相4期遥感图像数据,通过人工解译提取中亚地区7个湖泊信息,获得近30 a的湖泊面积变化;利用T/P和Envisat雷达高度计提取1992—2012年的湖泊水位信息;基于湖泊面积和水位的时空变化特征分析了湖泊变化的影响因素。结果表明:近30 a来,由于湖泊类型的不同,除萨雷卡梅什湖外的其他6个湖泊均出现不同程度的面积缩减;其中,平原尾闾湖面积变化最显著,高山封闭湖相对平稳,吞吐湖泊的面积变化相对复杂;湖泊的水位变化模式因流域和湖泊类型而异;高山封闭湖泊受气候的影响较大,而吞吐湖泊受人为因素影响显著。  相似文献   

内蒙古中部地区形变主要干扰的时频响应特征分析     

张小艳  熊峰  王旭东  赵星  刘永梅  刘芳 《中国地震》2019,35(4):718-725

选取内蒙古中部地区定点形变观测中受降雨、大风、气压干扰以及地震波影响的典型数据，采用S变换，对该地区形变观测中4种主要干扰信号的时频响应特征进行分析与讨论。结果表明，降雨干扰信号主要集中在低频区域，其频率先增大后减小；大风干扰表现为高频干扰，时频域能量强度与观测曲线受风扰影响变化幅度成正比；气压干扰信号的优势频率分布在低频段内；地震波影响中VP垂直摆和JCZ地震计记录的地震波较为相似，但VP垂直摆记录的频段要小于JCZ地震计，VP垂直摆主要记录的是低频地震波。同时，4种干扰信号的时频域频率、能量强度随时间变化趋势与数据观测时域变化趋势相一致。  相似文献   

1992-2015年中亚五国土地覆盖与蒸散发变化   总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8  

阮宏威  于静洁 《地理学报》2019,74(7):1292-1304

1991年苏联解体,中亚五国独立使得土地覆盖与蒸散发格局发生深刻变化。以中亚五国为研究区,采用欧空局气候变化项目（CCI）土地覆盖和全球陆地数据同化系统（GLDAS）蒸散发数据,分析1992-2015年土地覆盖与蒸散发时空变化特征,进一步研究耕地蒸散耗水特征。结果表明：① 中亚五国土地覆盖变化具有阶段性特征,耕地扩张引起土地覆盖格局变化。1992-2003年耕地快速增加（1.1万km ²/a）,林地和草地大幅减少。2003-2015年耕地增速趋缓（0.3万km ²/a）,林地和草地有一定恢复,裸地和水体持续减少,城镇用地持续增长。耕地共增加12.3万km ²,林地和草地分别减少4.0万km ²和2.3万km ²,且集中于哈萨克斯坦中北部。裸地减少3.5万km ²,集中于哈萨克斯坦西南部,水体减少3.1万km ²,集中在咸海湖泊。乌兹别克斯坦耕地减少、裸地增加,吉尔吉斯斯坦、塔吉克斯坦和土库曼斯坦土地覆盖变化幅度较小;② 中亚五国蒸散发变化与土地覆盖格局基本一致。蒸散发总体呈增加态势（6 mm/a）,1992-2003年快速增加（11.3 mm/a）,2003-2015年缓慢上升（2.4 mm/a）。中亚五国年蒸散发达到276.8 mm,东南部的吉尔吉斯斯坦（347.3 mm）和塔吉克斯坦（302.9 mm）最高,中北部的哈萨克斯坦（297.9 mm）次之,西南部的乌兹别克斯坦（211.0 mm）和土库曼斯坦（150.0 mm）最低;③ 中亚五国蒸散耗水结构受耕地面积大小的影响。中亚五国耕地蒸散耗水的贡献由24.7%增至27.9%,土库曼斯坦耕地蒸散耗水仅占本国的11%,其他国家均超过25%。草地、林地和裸地的蒸散耗水贡献降低,但哈萨克斯坦、吉尔吉斯斯坦和塔吉克斯坦仍以草地和林地蒸散耗水为主（≥ 50%）,土库曼斯坦（61.3%）和乌兹别克斯坦（46.4%）的裸地蒸散耗水占绝对优势。本文明确了中亚五国土地覆盖连续动态变化过程,细化各国土地覆盖与蒸散发特征及差异,增强对土地覆盖与蒸散发现状的认识,可为水土资源管理和生态环境保护提供数据参考。  相似文献   

地缘政治视角下中亚“颜色革命”易发程度分析     

李希雅  王礼茂 《世界地理研究》2019,28(6):42-49

基于地缘政治视角，分析本世纪初发生在原苏联地区“颜色革命”的诱发因素，认为美国根据其地缘战略格局对“颜色革命”发生地存在一定程度的主观选择性，国家内部经济、政治、社会等层面的矛盾也同样作为发生背景。在中亚地缘格局动态分析的基础上，结合中亚五国形势，从时间和空间双重维度对中亚地区未来发生“颜色革命”的可能性进行识别与评判，得出1) 整体来看，中亚近期内爆发“颜色革命”可能性较小，但从长远来看不能掉以轻心。2)土、乌未来稳定可期，塔、吉、哈需谨防“颜色革命”卷土重来。  相似文献   

Crustal velocity structure of central Gansu Province from regional seismic waveform inversion using firework algorithm          下载免费PDF全文

Yanyang Chen  Yanbin Wang  Yuansheng Zhang 《地震科学（英文版）》2017,30(2):81-89

The firework algorithm (FWA) is a novel swarm intelligence-based method recently proposed for the optimization of multi-parameter, nonlinear functions. Numerical waveform inversion experiments using a synthetic model show that the FWA performs well in both solution quality and efficiency. We apply the FWA in this study to crustal velocity structure inversion using regional seismic waveform data of central Gansu on the northeastern margin of the Qinghai-Tibet plateau. Seismograms recorded from the moment magnitude (M _W) 5.4 Minxian earthquake enable obtaining an average crustal velocity model for this region. We initially carried out a series of FWA robustness tests in regional waveform inversion at the same earthquake and station positions across the study region, inverting two velocity structure models, with and without a low-velocity crustal layer; the accuracy of our average inversion results and their standard deviations reveal the advantages of the FWA for the inversion of regional seismic waveforms. We applied the FWA across our study area using three component waveform data recorded by nine broadband permanent seismic stations with epicentral distances ranging between 146 and 437 km. These inversion results show that the average thickness of the crust in this region is 46.75 km, while thicknesses of the sedimentary layer, and the upper, middle, and lower crust are 3.15, 15.69, 13.08, and 14.83 km, respectively. Results also show that the P-wave velocities of these layers and the upper mantle are 4.47, 6.07, 6.12, 6.87, and 8.18 km/s, respectively.  相似文献   

Tectonometamorphic evolution of the Atbashi high‐P units (Kyrgyz CAOB,Tien Shan): Implications for the closure of the Turkestan Ocean and continental subduction–exhumation of the South Kazakh continental margin          下载免费PDF全文

Chloé Loury  Yann Rolland  Stéphane Guillot  Pierre Lanari  Clément Ganino  Raphael Melis  Anthony Jourdon  Carole Petit  Olivier Beyssac  Sylvain Gallet  Patrick Monié 《Journal of Metamorphic Geology》2018,36(8):959-985

The South Tien Shan (STS) belt results from the last collision event in the western Central Asian Orogenic Belt (CAOB). Understanding its formation is of prime importance in the general framework of the CAOB. The Atbashi Range preserves high‐P (HP) rocks along the STS suture, but still, its global metamorphic evolution remains poorly constrained. Several HP units have been identified: (a) a HP tectonic mélange including boudins of mafic eclogites in a sedimentary matrix, (b) a large (>100 km long) high‐P metasedimentary unit (HPMU) and (c) a lower blueschist facies accretionary prism. Raman Spectroscopy on carbonaceous material combined with phengite and chlorite multiequilibria and isochemical phase diagram modelling indicates that the HPMU recorded homogeneous P–T conditions of 23–25 kbar and 560–570°C along the whole unit. ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar dating on phengite from the HPMU ranges between 328 and 319 Ma at regional scale. These ages are interpreted as (re‐) crystallization ages of phengite during T_max conditions at a pressure range of 20–25 kbar. Thermobarometry on samples from the HP tectonic mélange provides similar metamorphic peak conditions. Thermobarometry on the blueschist to lower greenschist facies accretionary prism indicates that it underwent P–T conditions of 5–6 kbar and 290–340°C, highlighting a 17–20 kbar pressure gap between the HPMU‐tectonic mélange units and the accretionary prism. Comparison with available geochronological data suggests a very short time span between the prograde path (340 Ma), HP metamorphic peak (330 Ma), the T_max (328–319 Ma) and the final exhumation of the HPMU (303–295 Ma). Extrusion of the HPMU, accommodated by a basal thrust and an upper detachment, was driven by buoyant forces from 70–75 km up to 60 km depth, which directly followed continental subduction and detachment of the HPMU. At crustal depths, extrusion was controlled by collisional tectonics up to shallow levels. Lithological homogeneity of the HPMU and its continental‐derived character from the North Tien Shan suggest this unit corresponds to the hyper‐extended continental margin of the Kazakh continent, subducted southward below the north continental active margin of the Tarim craton. Integration of the available geological data allows us to propose a general geodynamic scenario for Tien Shan during the Carboniferous with a combination of (a) N‐dipping subduction below the Kazakh margin of Middle Tien Shan until 390–340 Ma and (b) S‐dipping subduction of remaining Turkestan marginal basins between 340 and 320 Ma.  相似文献   

匹配滤波方法研究2016年意大利中部MW6.0地震的余震迁移     

付裕  黄晖  徐鸣洁 《中国地震》2018,34(4):621-631

2016年8月24日意大利中部发生M_W6.0地震，2个月之后，震中附近相继发生M_W5.5、M_W5.9、M_W6.5地震。研究这几次较大地震间的相互触发作用及机制十分必要，然而在大地震之后传统地震目录通常缺失很多余震事件，缺失的余震事件包含着早期余震时空分布和迁移规律的信息，为完善余震目录本文利用匹配滤波方法对M_W6.0地震后80天内的连续数据进行余震检测，得到了数十倍于模板数量的新检测事件，检测事件与模板事件组成的新余震目录完备震级为1.0，提高了地震目录的完备性。依据新余震目录进行余震时空分布研究，结果显示M_W6.0、M_W5.9、M_W6.5地震的早期余震迁移规律不同。M_W6.0地震的早期余震沿着断裂走向同时朝两侧迁移；而M_W5.9、M_W6.5地震的早期余震向南、北迁移表示出不对称的特征。通过拟合余震迁移前端发现，M_W6.0、M_W5.5地震的早期余震朝着随后较大地震的方向迁移，且较符合lgt的特征，表明余震迁移可能与慢滑动有关。  相似文献